Biology Cheat Sheet

Key Definitions

• Cell: Basic unit of life. ✅

• Photosynthesis: Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. ✅

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Molecule that carries genetic information. ✅

• Ecosystem: Community of living organisms and their environment. ✅

Important Concepts

Cell Structure

• Prokaryotic Cells: Simple, no nucleus (e.g., bacteria). ✅

• Eukaryotic Cells: Complex, with nucleus (e.g., plants, animals). ✅

Genetics

• Mendelian Inheritance: Traits determined by alleles (dominant/recessive). ✅

• Mutation: Change in DNA sequence. ⚠️

Ecology

• Food Chains: Linear sequence of energy transfer (producer → consumer). ✅

• Biomes: Large ecological areas with distinct climates and organisms. ✅

Key Formulas

• CO₂: Carbon dioxide

• H₂O: Water

• C₆H₁₂O₆: Glucose

• O₂: Oxygen

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Common Mistake: Confusing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures.

Memory Tricks

Tip: "P.E.S.T." — Products, Energy, Substrates, Transport in photosynthesis.

Key Diagrams

Cell Structure:
       +----------+
       |  Nucleus |
       +----------+
          /   \
         /     \
+------+       +------+
| Mitochondria | Ribosome |
+--------------+----------+

Photosynthesis Process:
Light Energy
     ↓
   Chloroplast
     ↓
   Glucose + O₂