Modern Indian History Cheat Sheet

Key Definitions

• Indian National Congress (INC): Political party founded in 1885, pivotal in the Indian independence movement.

• Partition of Bengal (1905): Division of Bengal by the British to weaken nationalist movements.

• Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Led by Gandhi, aimed at resisting British rule through non-violent means.

Important Concepts

Freedom Struggle

• Gandhian Philosophy: Emphasizes non-violence (Ahimsa) and civil disobedience.

• Revolutionary Movements: Groups like Ghadar Party and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) sought armed struggle.

Key Events

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919): British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indians, igniting widespread anger.

• Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): Gandhi's Salt March led to mass protests against salt laws.

Key Formulas

• Nationalism: Desire for self-rule.

• Resistance: Actions against colonial policies.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Common Mistake: Confusing the dates of the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Memory Tricks

Tip: "GANDHI" —

• G: Gandhi's philosophy

• A: Ahimsa (non-violence)

• N: Nationalism

• D: Dandi March (Salt March)

• H: Hind Swaraj (self-rule)

• I: Indian National Congress

Key Diagrams

Freedom Struggle Timeline:
1905 - Partition of Bengal
1919 - Jallianwala Bagh
1920 - Non-Cooperation Movement
1930 - Civil Disobedience Movement
1942 - Quit India Movement
1947 - Independence